TLDR; More teeth: Smoother, finer cut. Fewer teeth: Faster, rougher cut.
The correct number of teeth is important to ensure that you achieve a smooth cut with optimal chip removal and as little friction possible whilst sawing. The correct number of teeth will also place less strain on your equipment, extending the lifespan of your power saw.
Generally, blades with fewer teeth will cut through materials faster, but blades with more teeth will create a finer finish and smoother cut. For example, a typical 10-inch rip blade that is designed for ripping up lumber might have just 24 teeth. The aim of the blade is to quickly remove material along the length of the grain. The blade isn’t designed to yield a mirror-smooth cut, instead, it will move through hardwood with little effort and leave a clean cut with minimal scoring.
A crosscut blade, on the other hand, is designed to produce a smooth cut across the grain of the wood, without splintering or tearing. This type of blade will usually have 60 to 80 teeth, and the higher tooth count means that each tooth has to remove less material. A crosscut blade makes many more individual cuts as it moves through the stock than a ripping blade and, as a result, requires a slower feed rate. The result is a cleaner cut on edges and a smoother cut surface. With a top-quality crosscut blade, the cut surface will appear polished.
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